diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
index d5bf4b6b7509..e664061ed55d 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/locking.rst
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ prototypes::
 	char *(*d_dname)((struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, int buflen);
 	struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *path);
 	int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
-	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
+	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, enum d_real_type type);
 
 locking rules:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
index eebcc0f9e2bc..6e903a903f8f 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ defined:
 		char *(*d_dname)(struct dentry *, char *, int);
 		struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *);
 		int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
-		struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
+		struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, enum d_real_type type);
 	};
 
 ``d_revalidate``
@@ -1419,16 +1419,14 @@ defined:
 	the dentry being transited from.
 
 ``d_real``
-	overlay/union type filesystems implement this method to return
-	one of the underlying dentries hidden by the overlay.  It is
-	used in two different modes:
+	overlay/union type filesystems implement this method to return one
+	of the underlying dentries of a regular file hidden by the overlay.
 
-	Called from file_dentry() it returns the real dentry matching
-	the inode argument.  The real dentry may be from a lower layer
-	already copied up, but still referenced from the file.  This
-	mode is selected with a non-NULL inode argument.
+	The 'type' argument takes the values D_REAL_DATA or D_REAL_METADATA
+	for returning the real underlying dentry that refers to the inode
+	hosting the file's data or metadata respectively.
 
-	With NULL inode the topmost real underlying dentry is returned.
+	For non-regular files, the 'dentry' argument is returned.
 
 Each dentry has a pointer to its parent dentry, as well as a hash list
 of child dentries.  Child dentries are basically like files in a
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/super.c b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
index 4ab66e3d4cff..df2ad2f60798 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
@@ -28,41 +28,38 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
 struct ovl_dir_cache;
 
-static struct dentry *ovl_d_real(struct dentry *dentry,
-				 const struct inode *inode)
+static struct dentry *ovl_d_real(struct dentry *dentry, enum d_real_type type)
 {
-	struct dentry *real = NULL, *lower;
+	struct dentry *upper, *lower;
 	int err;
 
-	/*
-	 * vfs is only expected to call d_real() with NULL from d_real_inode()
-	 * and with overlay inode from file_dentry() on an overlay file.
-	 *
-	 * TODO: remove @inode argument from d_real() API, remove code in this
-	 * function that deals with non-NULL @inode and remove d_real() call
-	 * from file_dentry().
-	 */
-	if (inode && d_inode(dentry) == inode)
-		return dentry;
-	else if (inode)
+	switch (type) {
+	case D_REAL_DATA:
+	case D_REAL_METADATA:
+		break;
+	default:
 		goto bug;
+	}
 
 	if (!d_is_reg(dentry)) {
 		/* d_real_inode() is only relevant for regular files */
 		return dentry;
 	}
 
-	real = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
-	if (real && (inode == d_inode(real)))
-		return real;
+	upper = ovl_dentry_upper(dentry);
+	if (upper && (type == D_REAL_METADATA ||
+		      ovl_has_upperdata(d_inode(dentry))))
+		return upper;
 
-	if (real && !inode && ovl_has_upperdata(d_inode(dentry)))
-		return real;
+	if (type == D_REAL_METADATA) {
+		lower = ovl_dentry_lower(dentry);
+		goto real_lower;
+	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Best effort lazy lookup of lowerdata for !inode case to return
+	 * Best effort lazy lookup of lowerdata for D_REAL_DATA case to return
 	 * the real lowerdata dentry.  The only current caller of d_real() with
-	 * NULL inode is d_real_inode() from trace_uprobe and this caller is
+	 * D_REAL_DATA is d_real_inode() from trace_uprobe and this caller is
 	 * likely going to be followed reading from the file, before placing
 	 * uprobes on offset within the file, so lowerdata should be available
 	 * when setting the uprobe.
@@ -73,18 +70,13 @@ static struct dentry *ovl_d_real(struct dentry *dentry,
 	lower = ovl_dentry_lowerdata(dentry);
 	if (!lower)
 		goto bug;
-	real = lower;
 
-	/* Handle recursion */
-	real = d_real(real, inode);
+real_lower:
+	/* Handle recursion into stacked lower fs */
+	return d_real(lower, type);
 
-	if (!inode || inode == d_inode(real))
-		return real;
 bug:
-	WARN(1, "%s(%pd4, %s:%lu): real dentry (%p/%lu) not found\n",
-	     __func__, dentry, inode ? inode->i_sb->s_id : "NULL",
-	     inode ? inode->i_ino : 0, real,
-	     real && d_inode(real) ? d_inode(real)->i_ino : 0);
+	WARN(1, "%s(%pd4, %d): real dentry not found\n", __func__, dentry, type);
 	return dentry;
 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/dcache.h b/include/linux/dcache.h
index 1666c387861f..d616a745a34c 100644
--- a/include/linux/dcache.h
+++ b/include/linux/dcache.h
@@ -125,6 +125,11 @@ enum dentry_d_lock_class
 	DENTRY_D_LOCK_NESTED
 };
 
+enum d_real_type {
+	D_REAL_DATA,
+	D_REAL_METADATA,
+};
+
 struct dentry_operations {
 	int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
 	int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
@@ -139,7 +144,7 @@ struct dentry_operations {
 	char *(*d_dname)(struct dentry *, char *, int);
 	struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *);
 	int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
-	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
+	struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, enum d_real_type type);
 } ____cacheline_aligned;
 
 /*
@@ -546,24 +551,23 @@ static inline struct inode *d_backing_inode(const struct dentry *upper)
 /**
  * d_real - Return the real dentry
  * @dentry: the dentry to query
- * @inode: inode to select the dentry from multiple layers (can be NULL)
+ * @type: the type of real dentry (data or metadata)
  *
  * If dentry is on a union/overlay, then return the underlying, real dentry.
  * Otherwise return the dentry itself.
  *
  * See also: Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst
  */
-static inline struct dentry *d_real(struct dentry *dentry,
-				    const struct inode *inode)
+static inline struct dentry *d_real(struct dentry *dentry, enum d_real_type type)
 {
 	if (unlikely(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_OP_REAL))
-		return dentry->d_op->d_real(dentry, inode);
+		return dentry->d_op->d_real(dentry, type);
 	else
 		return dentry;
 }
 
 /**
- * d_real_inode - Return the real inode
+ * d_real_inode - Return the real inode hosting the data
  * @dentry: The dentry to query
  *
  * If dentry is on a union/overlay, then return the underlying, real inode.
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ static inline struct dentry *d_real(struct dentry *dentry,
 static inline struct inode *d_real_inode(const struct dentry *dentry)
 {
 	/* This usage of d_real() results in const dentry */
-	return d_backing_inode(d_real((struct dentry *) dentry, NULL));
+	return d_inode(d_real((struct dentry *) dentry, D_REAL_DATA));
 }
 
 struct name_snapshot {